What Is an Industrial Society

An Industrial society is one in which technologies of mass production are used to make vast amounts of goods in factories, and in which this is the dominant mode of production and organizer of social life. This means that a true industrial society not only features mass factory production  but also has a particular social structure designed to support such operations. Such a society is typically organized hierarchically by class  and features a rigid division of labor among workers and factory owners. Beginnings Historically speaking, many societies in the West, including the United States, became industrial societies following the Industrial Revolution that swept through Europe and then the United States from the late 1700s on. The transition from what were agrarian or trade-based pre-Industrial societies to industrial societies, and its many political, economic, and social implications, became the focus of early social science and motivated the research of the founding thinkers of sociology, including Karl Marx, Émiel Durkheim, and Max Weber, among others. People moved from farms to urban centers where the factory jobs were, as farms themselves needed fewer laborers. Farms, too, eventually became more industrialized, using mechanical planters and combine harvesters to do the work of multiple people. Marx was especially interested in understanding how a capitalist economy organized industrial production, and how the transition from early capitalism to industrial capitalism reshaped the social and political structure of society. Studying industrial societies of Europe and Britain, Marx found they featured hierarchies of power that correlated with what role a person played in the process of production, or class status, (worker versus owner) and that political decisions were made by the ruling class to preserve their economic interests within this system. Durkheim was interested in how people play different roles and fulfill different purposes in a complex, industrial society, which he and others referred to as a division of labor. Durkheim believed that such a society functioned much like an organism  and that the various parts of it adapted to changes in others to maintain stability. Among other things, Webers theory and research focused on how the combination of technology and economic order that characterized industrial societies ultimately became the key organizers of society and social life, and that this limited free and creative thinking, and the individuals choices and actions. He referred to this phenomenon as the iron cage. Taking all of these theories into account, sociologists believe that in industrial societies, all other aspects of society, like education, politics, media, and law, among others, work to support the production goals of that society. In a capitalist context, they also work to support  profit  goals of the industries of that society. Post-Industrial US The United States is no longer an industrial society. The globalization of the capitalist economy that played out from the 1970s on meant that most factory production that was previously located in the United States was moved overseas. Since then, China has become a significant industrial society, now even referred to as the worlds factory, because so much of the global economys industrial production takes place there. The United States and many other western nations can now be considered post-industrial societies, where services, production of intangible goods, and consumption fuel the economy.

Feminism Challenges Male Domination Of The Institutions Of...

2. Feminism challenges male domination of the institutions of law and the state. Discuss. Feminism is the firm belief in economic, social and political equality of the sexes. The controversy regarding the status of women ages back to the Ancient Greeks. Plato believed that If women are to have the same duties as men, they must have the same nurture and education?’. Plato sought to evaluate the true and unquestionable duty that women play in society and to abolish the perception that one sex is weaker than the other. Feminists tend to be of the opinion that, historically, the law was written from a male’s perspective and does not represent a women’s role in the regulation of society. Women have since played a key and crucial role in the development of the state and the restructuring of the law. The structure, philosophy and terminology of the law were created by the male gender and in turn, support male beliefs. According to Margaret Davies, the Feminist Legal Theory was ‘usually taken to mean a critique of law generated internally to legal scholarship by feminist layers’. Feminism arose due to the fact that the male gender dominated the public and private spaces with regards to employment, government and education. There was a power inequality between the two genders. In other words, the world was known as a man’s world. Through this, the Feminist Legal Theory was developed in which the main objective was to achieve gender consistency, uniformity and justice throughShow MoreRelatedPatriarchy And The Liberation Of Women1679 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The word feminism is defined as a broad political agenda which implies a commitment to equality between the sexes and a commitment to gender as a focus of concern and to analytic approaches that reflect women’s concrete experiences. Feminists such as Katherine Bartlett define it as ‘a family of different perspectives or frameworks used to analyse the actual, and the desirable relationship between law and gender.’ However, it is not just equality of the sexes being sought by feministsRead MoreRadical Feminism Versus Liberal Feminism1931 Words   |  8 Pagesextension of feminism into theoretical and philosophical discourse. They aim at understanding of the nature of gender inequality .They in turn examine women’s social roles and life experiences .While in general some provide a critique of social relationships .Most feminist theories also focus on analysing gender inequality and the promotion of women’s rights, interests and issues .Among such the ories are the Liberal feminism and the Radical feminism theories. While Liberal and Radical feminism both seekRead MoreThe Debate Of Feminists And Cultural Relativists1712 Words   |  7 Pagesphilosophical traditions, human rights are understood to be universal and objective (Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948), an understanding that poses unique challenges when imagining human rights in the 21st Century. Over the last fifty years, critique of human rights discourse has evolved into discrete areas, which include feminism and cultural relativism. Feminists and cultural relativists often take opposing positions, with cultural relativist views seen as dominant over feminist discourseRead MoreEssay on Modern Feminism and Violence Against Women2367 Words   |  10 Pagescentury has seeing many progresses for women across the world. Prehistory showed that women could not vote, educational institution excluded them, and work outside the home was limited. 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Child Poverty in Demographic Structure †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Child Poverty in Demographic Structure. Answer: Introduction: The problem of child poverty is most prevalent among OECD countries with Israel has the highest rate of poverty. In Israel, the child poverty rate is approximated as 28.5%, which in the highest in world (jpost.com, 2018). Israel was officially declared as an independent state in 1948. Immediately after the independence, the country faced an economic crisis resulting in high unemployment, scarce r reserves of foreign currency and other economic obstacles. With passes of time, the economy gradually overcome the crisis and has now become one of the technologically advanced nation of world (Rivlin, 2015). Industrial manufacturing and high technology are the two major sectors of the economy. The economy is mostly dependent on the service sector with share of service sector in total output being 64.7 percent. Along with economic prosperity, Israel is now facing some major challenges. One such problem is low participation among the labor force worsening the poverty status. As per latest statistics out of every three children in Israel, one is found to live below the poverty line (jpost.com, 2018). Despite several child welfare allowances. The incidence of child poverty is increasing overtime. The root cause of child poverty in the demographic structure of Israel. A major share of Israel population is Ultra-orthodox Jews (Tasher et al., 2016). This group has a very low participation in the labor market. The percentage of men and women in Ultra-orthodox group are 48 and 28 respectively. Children born in these families suffer from poverty from very early age of their lives. Another factor responsible of child poverty in Israel is the presence of single parent household in the state. In Israel, the child poverty rate among single parent household is 21.8%. The same for all families with children is 17.0% (macro.org.il, 2018). References Laufer, Y. (2018).WATCH: International exhibition showcases Israeli whisky distilleries.The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. Retrieved 4 April 2018, from https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Culture/WATCH-International-exhibition-showcases-Israeli-whisky-distilleries-545124 OECD. (2018).Oecd.org. Retrieved 4 April 2018, from https://www.oecd.org/els/soc/CO2_2_ChildPoverty_Jan2014.pdf Rivlin, P. (2015).The Israeli Economy(pp. 571-585). John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Single-Parent Families in Israel. (2018).Macro.org.il. Retrieved 4 April 2018, from https://www.macro.org.il/en/publications/?id=146 Tasher, D., Rubin, L., Grossman, Z., Grotto, I., Dahan, D., Berlowitz, Y., Somekh, E. (2016). Child health care in Israel.The Journal of pediatrics,177, S107-S115. The Central Bureau of Statistics (Israel)-SocietyPopulation-Population Demography. (2016).Cbs.gov.il. Retrieved 4 April 2018, from https://www.cbs.gov.il/reader/?MIval=cw_usr_view_SHTMLID=705

Philosophy of Health Education free essay sample

All the strategies, activities, and services offered by, in, or in association with schools that are designed to promote students physical, emotional, and social development make up a schools health program by the American School Health Association. This is just one of the many definitions of health and health education there is to be found. To understand my philosophy of health education, you may first need to know what I think health means to me. I like to believe that health is an ongoing process that is very individualistic and is coupled with wellness that everyone is constantly changing. I think this is because in certain points in your life certain aspects of wellness play a bigger role in your life than others. For example if a person is struggling spiritually or emotionally this does not make them an unhealthy person, this simply means that they are not as balanced as they could be in the aspect of all the other wellness areas. We will write a custom essay sample on Philosophy of Health Education or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But just because they are lacking in those two areas, there can be other aspects of wellness such as social or mental that may be compensating for their suffering in the other areas. I think that perfect balance of all seven aspects of wellness is hard to achieve, and that as long as the person feels that they are able to function in society without disruption of one of the aspects of wellness affecting them they can be defined as a healthy person. Based on this definition, my philosophy on health education is based around people making the right decisions and carrying out these decisions to help maintain or improve their current state of health and wellness they are at. First off I think that when educating students, educators should focus on getting students to critically think about situations and how it can affect their actions and vice versa. I think in doing this I can teach my students that what ever situation is in life, at some point they should be pleased with their decisions and actions, which will help build their self-esteem, which in turn can make the students at a higher level of wellness which in turn will create a more healthy person. When the students decisions and behaviors are modified, then it in turn can help modify the health and wellness of their group of friends, the classes they are in, which in turn can create change in the school, community, and can go on and on. I feel that in providing the students with the knowledge to make right decisions and reasons to support why they are the right decisions based on what the school policy or community believes can help them because sometimes students have an idea of what is the right decision to make but do not know how to carry this out and do not know how to defend their stance. While this will obviously not work on every student it will hopefully help more students to make the â€Å"right decisions†. A current example of this would be to not text and drive. A student can make the decision in their head or even on paper to not text and drive but then their friends may pressure them into answering a text, so as an educator you can provide them with reasons why this is a good choice and how they can carry out this decision and not give into peer pressure. After giving the students the basic facts and a few examples of how to stand up for their beliefs you should also give the students a chance to practice this because we all know some things are easier said than done. Also you do not want to only say this is bad this is good on topics you present, I feel like students will find teachers more credible if you address the other side of the situations you present them. So basically you can not just say do this not that, this is wrong this is right and be done, rather you should elaborate and let students have a say as well to advocate for both of the sides of a topic. Next I think that the focus on health education varies depending on what grade level you are teaching and what topic you are talking about. For the most part though I think that healthy behaviors should be addressed and reinforced, but also there are times when you should advocate for change. The only problem about advocating for change is the student’s readiness to change. For example if the students do not think what they are doing is wrong they will likely ignore your lessons to them, but I think coupled with my previous philosophy, despite the student’s readiness they will at least hear your message and hopefully think about it and eventually make a change in their behaviors. An example of this is if you are teaching middle school health education and you are talking about personal hygiene some students may not think that deodorant is necessary for them to use at this point in their lives, while others have been using it for a while. I think in presenting the reason for presenting this will help reinforce the positive behavior of students that are already using deodorant and bring light to this topic for those who aren’t and hopefully will help them change. In talking about this too the students can also help support each other with this change by making this topic less taboo and possibly opening it up for more comfort level in hygiene and cleanliness in the students, which can benefit the student’s physical, social, and possibly emotional and mental aspects of wellness. Finally I think that success in health education can be defined by both the choices students make coupled with this though is how their choices affect the way they function in society. I feel that if I provide students with the materials to make the right choices and carry out the decisions in their behaviors as well as correcting behaviors that may not be the best but also reinforcing their â€Å"correct† decision making and thinking then the health education is successful. I feel that as long as you present the students with all needed materials and try to address concerns the best you can and answer any questions they may have then the rest is up to them, and as long as you see some change in the student’s behaviors and/or thoughts, or you see improvement of already established thoughts and behaviors then you have succeeded as a health educator. If not then something in your curriculum needs to be changed. While I know you can not change every student to be the ideal person, you can certainly give them everything you can to try to change it. Ultimately the decision is up to the students and how open they are to this change. Thus, health education must be looked at as a systematic process to help individual students along a path to improving their individual health and wellness to a higher level than they enter your class.