What Is an Industrial Society

An Industrial society is one in which technologies of mass production are used to make vast amounts of goods in factories, and in which this is the dominant mode of production and organizer of social life. This means that a true industrial society not only features mass factory production  but also has a particular social structure designed to support such operations. Such a society is typically organized hierarchically by class  and features a rigid division of labor among workers and factory owners. Beginnings Historically speaking, many societies in the West, including the United States, became industrial societies following the Industrial Revolution that swept through Europe and then the United States from the late 1700s on. The transition from what were agrarian or trade-based pre-Industrial societies to industrial societies, and its many political, economic, and social implications, became the focus of early social science and motivated the research of the founding thinkers of sociology, including Karl Marx, Émiel Durkheim, and Max Weber, among others. People moved from farms to urban centers where the factory jobs were, as farms themselves needed fewer laborers. Farms, too, eventually became more industrialized, using mechanical planters and combine harvesters to do the work of multiple people. Marx was especially interested in understanding how a capitalist economy organized industrial production, and how the transition from early capitalism to industrial capitalism reshaped the social and political structure of society. Studying industrial societies of Europe and Britain, Marx found they featured hierarchies of power that correlated with what role a person played in the process of production, or class status, (worker versus owner) and that political decisions were made by the ruling class to preserve their economic interests within this system. Durkheim was interested in how people play different roles and fulfill different purposes in a complex, industrial society, which he and others referred to as a division of labor. Durkheim believed that such a society functioned much like an organism  and that the various parts of it adapted to changes in others to maintain stability. Among other things, Webers theory and research focused on how the combination of technology and economic order that characterized industrial societies ultimately became the key organizers of society and social life, and that this limited free and creative thinking, and the individuals choices and actions. He referred to this phenomenon as the iron cage. Taking all of these theories into account, sociologists believe that in industrial societies, all other aspects of society, like education, politics, media, and law, among others, work to support the production goals of that society. In a capitalist context, they also work to support  profit  goals of the industries of that society. Post-Industrial US The United States is no longer an industrial society. The globalization of the capitalist economy that played out from the 1970s on meant that most factory production that was previously located in the United States was moved overseas. Since then, China has become a significant industrial society, now even referred to as the worlds factory, because so much of the global economys industrial production takes place there. The United States and many other western nations can now be considered post-industrial societies, where services, production of intangible goods, and consumption fuel the economy.

Feminism Challenges Male Domination Of The Institutions Of...

2. Feminism challenges male domination of the institutions of law and the state. Discuss. Feminism is the firm belief in economic, social and political equality of the sexes. The controversy regarding the status of women ages back to the Ancient Greeks. Plato believed that If women are to have the same duties as men, they must have the same nurture and education?’. Plato sought to evaluate the true and unquestionable duty that women play in society and to abolish the perception that one sex is weaker than the other. Feminists tend to be of the opinion that, historically, the law was written from a male’s perspective and does not represent a women’s role in the regulation of society. Women have since played a key and crucial role in the development of the state and the restructuring of the law. The structure, philosophy and terminology of the law were created by the male gender and in turn, support male beliefs. According to Margaret Davies, the Feminist Legal Theory was ‘usually taken to mean a critique of law generated internally to legal scholarship by feminist layers’. Feminism arose due to the fact that the male gender dominated the public and private spaces with regards to employment, government and education. There was a power inequality between the two genders. In other words, the world was known as a man’s world. Through this, the Feminist Legal Theory was developed in which the main objective was to achieve gender consistency, uniformity and justice throughShow MoreRelatedPatriarchy And The Liberation Of Women1679 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The word feminism is defined as a broad political agenda which implies a commitment to equality between the sexes and a commitment to gender as a focus of concern and to analytic approaches that reflect women’s concrete experiences. 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While Liberal and Radical feminism both seekRead MoreThe Debate Of Feminists And Cultural Relativists1712 Words   |  7 Pagesphilosophical traditions, human rights are understood to be universal and objective (Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948), an understanding that poses unique challenges when imagining human rights in the 21st Century. Over the last fifty years, critique of human rights discourse has evolved into discrete areas, which include feminism and cultural relativism. Feminists and cultural relativists often take opposing positions, with cultural relativist views seen as dominant over feminist discourseRead MoreEssay on Modern Feminism and Violence Against Women2367 Words   |  10 Pagescentury has seeing many progresses for women across the world. Prehistory showed that women could not vote, educational institution excluded them, and work outside the home was limited. 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Essay1895 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿To what extent is feminism a single doctrine?    Until the 1960s, feminism was widely regarded as a sub-set of liberalism and socialism, rather than as an ideology in its own right. Today, however, feminism can be considered a single doctrine in that all feminists subscribe to a range of ‘common ground’ beliefs, such as the existence of a patriarchal society, and the desire to change gender inequalities. Then again, it can be argued that feminism is characterised more by disagreement than consensusRead MoreHegemonic Masculinity2123 Words   |  9 Pagesin social inequality in Australian schools. â€Å"Towards a new sociology of Masculinity† critiques male sex role literatures and proposed a model of multiple masculinities and power relations. The gramscian term hegemony was current at the time in attempts to understand the stabilization of class relations. 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A French feminist, Francoise dEaubonne, first usedRead MoreGender, Sex, and the Challenge of Feminism2690 Words   |  11 PagesGender, sex, and the challenge of feminism As with considerations of race, feminism raises issues for political philosophy not only deserve several book-length treatments (rather than the chapter section it will get here), but also arguably should infuse all aspects of political thought. Feminists have plausibly claimed that considerations of gender and gender-related inequalities play a role in the most basic dynamics of social life – in the structure of families, defining identities and opportunitiesRead MoreThe Second Sex : The Fight Against Women s Oppression2230 Words   |  9 PagesBertrand de Beauvoir simply referred to as Simone de Beauvoir was a French intellectual, writer, political activist, existentialist philosopher, social theorist and feminist born in 1908. 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Child Poverty in Demographic Structure †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Child Poverty in Demographic Structure. Answer: Introduction: The problem of child poverty is most prevalent among OECD countries with Israel has the highest rate of poverty. In Israel, the child poverty rate is approximated as 28.5%, which in the highest in world (jpost.com, 2018). Israel was officially declared as an independent state in 1948. Immediately after the independence, the country faced an economic crisis resulting in high unemployment, scarce r reserves of foreign currency and other economic obstacles. With passes of time, the economy gradually overcome the crisis and has now become one of the technologically advanced nation of world (Rivlin, 2015). Industrial manufacturing and high technology are the two major sectors of the economy. The economy is mostly dependent on the service sector with share of service sector in total output being 64.7 percent. Along with economic prosperity, Israel is now facing some major challenges. One such problem is low participation among the labor force worsening the poverty status. As per latest statistics out of every three children in Israel, one is found to live below the poverty line (jpost.com, 2018). Despite several child welfare allowances. The incidence of child poverty is increasing overtime. The root cause of child poverty in the demographic structure of Israel. A major share of Israel population is Ultra-orthodox Jews (Tasher et al., 2016). This group has a very low participation in the labor market. The percentage of men and women in Ultra-orthodox group are 48 and 28 respectively. Children born in these families suffer from poverty from very early age of their lives. Another factor responsible of child poverty in Israel is the presence of single parent household in the state. In Israel, the child poverty rate among single parent household is 21.8%. The same for all families with children is 17.0% (macro.org.il, 2018). References Laufer, Y. (2018).WATCH: International exhibition showcases Israeli whisky distilleries.The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. Retrieved 4 April 2018, from https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Culture/WATCH-International-exhibition-showcases-Israeli-whisky-distilleries-545124 OECD. (2018).Oecd.org. Retrieved 4 April 2018, from https://www.oecd.org/els/soc/CO2_2_ChildPoverty_Jan2014.pdf Rivlin, P. (2015).The Israeli Economy(pp. 571-585). John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Single-Parent Families in Israel. (2018).Macro.org.il. Retrieved 4 April 2018, from https://www.macro.org.il/en/publications/?id=146 Tasher, D., Rubin, L., Grossman, Z., Grotto, I., Dahan, D., Berlowitz, Y., Somekh, E. (2016). Child health care in Israel.The Journal of pediatrics,177, S107-S115. The Central Bureau of Statistics (Israel)-SocietyPopulation-Population Demography. (2016).Cbs.gov.il. Retrieved 4 April 2018, from https://www.cbs.gov.il/reader/?MIval=cw_usr_view_SHTMLID=705

Philosophy of Health Education free essay sample

All the strategies, activities, and services offered by, in, or in association with schools that are designed to promote students physical, emotional, and social development make up a schools health program by the American School Health Association. This is just one of the many definitions of health and health education there is to be found. To understand my philosophy of health education, you may first need to know what I think health means to me. I like to believe that health is an ongoing process that is very individualistic and is coupled with wellness that everyone is constantly changing. I think this is because in certain points in your life certain aspects of wellness play a bigger role in your life than others. For example if a person is struggling spiritually or emotionally this does not make them an unhealthy person, this simply means that they are not as balanced as they could be in the aspect of all the other wellness areas. We will write a custom essay sample on Philosophy of Health Education or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But just because they are lacking in those two areas, there can be other aspects of wellness such as social or mental that may be compensating for their suffering in the other areas. I think that perfect balance of all seven aspects of wellness is hard to achieve, and that as long as the person feels that they are able to function in society without disruption of one of the aspects of wellness affecting them they can be defined as a healthy person. Based on this definition, my philosophy on health education is based around people making the right decisions and carrying out these decisions to help maintain or improve their current state of health and wellness they are at. First off I think that when educating students, educators should focus on getting students to critically think about situations and how it can affect their actions and vice versa. I think in doing this I can teach my students that what ever situation is in life, at some point they should be pleased with their decisions and actions, which will help build their self-esteem, which in turn can make the students at a higher level of wellness which in turn will create a more healthy person. When the students decisions and behaviors are modified, then it in turn can help modify the health and wellness of their group of friends, the classes they are in, which in turn can create change in the school, community, and can go on and on. I feel that in providing the students with the knowledge to make right decisions and reasons to support why they are the right decisions based on what the school policy or community believes can help them because sometimes students have an idea of what is the right decision to make but do not know how to carry this out and do not know how to defend their stance. While this will obviously not work on every student it will hopefully help more students to make the â€Å"right decisions†. A current example of this would be to not text and drive. A student can make the decision in their head or even on paper to not text and drive but then their friends may pressure them into answering a text, so as an educator you can provide them with reasons why this is a good choice and how they can carry out this decision and not give into peer pressure. After giving the students the basic facts and a few examples of how to stand up for their beliefs you should also give the students a chance to practice this because we all know some things are easier said than done. Also you do not want to only say this is bad this is good on topics you present, I feel like students will find teachers more credible if you address the other side of the situations you present them. So basically you can not just say do this not that, this is wrong this is right and be done, rather you should elaborate and let students have a say as well to advocate for both of the sides of a topic. Next I think that the focus on health education varies depending on what grade level you are teaching and what topic you are talking about. For the most part though I think that healthy behaviors should be addressed and reinforced, but also there are times when you should advocate for change. The only problem about advocating for change is the student’s readiness to change. For example if the students do not think what they are doing is wrong they will likely ignore your lessons to them, but I think coupled with my previous philosophy, despite the student’s readiness they will at least hear your message and hopefully think about it and eventually make a change in their behaviors. An example of this is if you are teaching middle school health education and you are talking about personal hygiene some students may not think that deodorant is necessary for them to use at this point in their lives, while others have been using it for a while. I think in presenting the reason for presenting this will help reinforce the positive behavior of students that are already using deodorant and bring light to this topic for those who aren’t and hopefully will help them change. In talking about this too the students can also help support each other with this change by making this topic less taboo and possibly opening it up for more comfort level in hygiene and cleanliness in the students, which can benefit the student’s physical, social, and possibly emotional and mental aspects of wellness. Finally I think that success in health education can be defined by both the choices students make coupled with this though is how their choices affect the way they function in society. I feel that if I provide students with the materials to make the right choices and carry out the decisions in their behaviors as well as correcting behaviors that may not be the best but also reinforcing their â€Å"correct† decision making and thinking then the health education is successful. I feel that as long as you present the students with all needed materials and try to address concerns the best you can and answer any questions they may have then the rest is up to them, and as long as you see some change in the student’s behaviors and/or thoughts, or you see improvement of already established thoughts and behaviors then you have succeeded as a health educator. If not then something in your curriculum needs to be changed. While I know you can not change every student to be the ideal person, you can certainly give them everything you can to try to change it. Ultimately the decision is up to the students and how open they are to this change. Thus, health education must be looked at as a systematic process to help individual students along a path to improving their individual health and wellness to a higher level than they enter your class.

Anfangen (To Begin) German Verb Conjugations

Anfangen (To Begin) German Verb Conjugations Anfangen is a strong (irregular) verb that means to begin or start. As a strong verb, it doesnt follow a strict rule and you will need to memorize how it is conjugated in its different tenses.   In addition, the verb  anfangen  is a separable prefix verb. That means that its prefix (an-) separates when the verb is conjugated, even in its past participle form (angefangen). There are cases where the prefix does not separate. These include the infinitive form such as with modals in the future tense, in dependent clauses, and in the past participle (with ge-). While a separable prefix may seem confusing, keep in mind that it is like English verbs such as fill in, clear out, etc. The difference is that in English the second word can come either right after the verb or at the end of the sentence. In German, it usually comes only at the end of the sentence. Sample Sentences With the Separable-Prefix Verbanfangen, to begin, start Present Tense Wann  fangen  Sie  an? - When do you begin? Ich  fange  heute  an. - I start today. Present Perfect Tense Wann  haben  sie  angefangen? - When did they begin? Past Perfect Tense Wann  hatten  Sie  angefangen? - When had you begun? Past Tense Wann  fingen  wir  an? - When did we begin? Future Tense Wir werden wieder  anfangen. - We will begin again. With Modals Kà ¶nnen  wir  heute  anfangen? - Can we begin today? AnfangenPresent Tense -  Prsens Deutsch English Singular Present Tense ich fange an I begin/startI am beginning du fngst an you begin/startyou are beginning er fngt an sie fngt an es fngt an he begins/startshe is beginningshe begins/startsshe is beginningit begins/startsit is beginning Plural Present Tense wir fangen an we begin/startare beginning ihr fangt an you (guys) begin/startyou are beginning sie fangen an they begin/startthey are beginning Sie fangen an you begin/startyou are beginning Examples Using the Present Tense of Anfangen Wann fangen Sie an?When do you start? Die Vorstellung fngt um sechs Uhr an.The performance begins at six oclock. AnfangenSimple Past Tense -  Imperfekt Deutsch English Singular Simple Past Tense ich fing an I began/started du fingst an you began/started er fing ansie fing anes fing an he began/startedshe began/startedit began/started Plural Simple Past Tense wir fingen an we began/started ihr fingt an you (guys) began/started sie fingen an they began/started Sie fingen an you began/started AnfangenCompound Past Tense (Present Perfect) -  Perfekt Deutsch English Singular Compound Past Tense ich habe angefangen I have begun/startedI began/started du hast angefangen you have begun/startedyou began/started er hat angefangensie hat angefangenes hat angefangen he has begun/startedhe began/startedshe has begun/startedshe began/startedit has begun/startedit began/started Plural Compound Past Tense wir haben angefangen we have begun/startedwe began/started ihr habt angefangen you (guys) have begun/startedyou began/started sie haben angefangen they have begun/startedthey began/started Sie haben angefangen you have begun/startedyou began/started AnfangenPast Perfect Tense -  Plusquamperfekt Deutsch English Singular Past Perfect Tense ich hatte angefangen I had begun/started du hattest angefangen you had begun/started er hatte angefangensie hatte angefangenes hatte angefangen he had begun/startedshe had begun/startedit had begun/started Plural Past Perfect Tense wir hatten angefangen we had begun/started ihr hattet angefangen you (guys) had begun/started sie hatten angefangen they had begun/started Sie hatten angefangen you had begun/started

Nick on the Subject of Gatsby essays

Nick on the Subject of Gatsby essays Anyone who has a best friend could probably describe every facet that they know about them. In the book The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, the character Nick Carraway, throughout the story, gave many insights and facts describing the character Jay Gatsby. Nicks statements in the book showed how many different ways he felt about Gatsby, whether it be his flaws, his strengths, or just the personal complexity that Gatsby carried with himself. There are some main quotes throughout the book that support this very thought. Gatsby most definitely was not a perfect man by any means, especially in Nicks eyes. As a matter of fact, one of Nicks first few words in the story was that Gatsby represented everything for which [he had] an unaffected scorn.(pg. 6, The Great Gatsby) This statement shows a state of resentment towards Gatsby by Nick. Later on the story, the reason for this resentment comes out. Gatsbys lifestyle and past appeared to be very immoral to Nick. Some things that Nick didnt like were that Gatsby was a rich person, he was involved illegal gambling, and a majority of what Gatsby portrayed himself as was a lie. All of these things Nick railed against, as revealed in his quote. Although, from this quote it may seem as though Nick wasnt too fond of Gatsby, one should take in to account that this is just one mere thought from Nick out of a book that has thousands of other quotes. This only gives a peek at the vast knowledge there is to learn about Gatsby. Nick never physically displayed his dislike for Gatsby. This is because he also had keen sense that Gatsby was something more than just this eccentric man. Right after he said hed hated Gatsbys way of life, he comes back and says that Gatsby turned out all right in the end. (pg. 6, The Great Gatsby) Nick was able to contradict himself because he was telling the story in retrospect, and revealed this ...

Course Work Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Course Work - Coursework Example This is due to what is known as protective factors. This are influences that a person can have which will increase their ability to deal with certain stressors which can increase their ability to influence their mental health. Protective factors lead to a person developing resilience to certain stressful situations. 2) Decriminalization of illicit drugs like marijuana, cocaine will increase drug related social problems. Drugs are not regarded as being dangerous because they are illegal; they are illegal since they are dangerous. Decriminization of illicit drugs help in not regulation of illicit drugs. Decriminization is actually part of a back door effort that will help easy society into accepting the use of addictive drugs; this will include the use of drug related social problems. 3) Children are very sensitive to the issue of HIV/AIDS. Children have many fears regarding this disease. F children are taught about HIV/AIDS they c n make their health choices (Dyk 87). If children are taught about HIV/AIDS this will be an indication that people care about their wealth. At the age of 8 to 10 you can start to teach a child the basic of HIV/AIDs and how it is

Policy proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Policy proposal - Essay Example As such, in order to proactively meet this challenge, it is the responsibility of the respective police department to not only retain a zero tolerance policy as has been exhibited in the University of Arizona’s police manual/handbook, but also to actively engage key shareholders within the university to work to educate and inform based on the unique threat that such incidents place on everyone involved in the university environment. It is therefore the recommendation of this brief analysis that the University of Arizona’s Police Department should engage in actively raising awareness among both faculty and staff with regards to the threats that exist as well as what efforts can be made on behalf of the community to reduce the threats that exist as a function of weapons safety and violation. It goes without saying that our current era has seen a drastically increased incidence of gun related university incidents. From the horrors of what happened at the Virginia Tech, the University of Alabama professor who shot and killed three of his colleagues during a faculty meeting, the Northern Illinois University incident involving the shooting death of 5 graduate students, and our very own University of Arizona School of Nursing incident in which 3 professors plus the gunman was killed. All of these incidents have taken place within the past 15 years and represent a vast increase in the number and severity of mass murder perpetrated within the university environment. Accordingly, a zero tolerance policy alone is not sufficient to provide deterrence to such acts of horror. Although it is incumbent upon other entities within the university setting to broach this topic with students via orientation programs and introductions to university etc., it is also incumbent upon the University Police Department to become closely involved with the student and faculty in eliciting their support and help with minimizing threats that are faced by all as a

Your Creative Thinking Profile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Your Creative Thinking Profile - Essay Example These aspects can be apparently observed as clarifying any sort of problem, creating ideas, developing solutions and also implementing effective plans. However, at certain conditions, I become a â€Å"Hare.† This is because of having improper knowledge about implementing required skills. Moreover, at certain times, I also become an â€Å"Optimist.†This is because of having deficiency in clarity with regards to the problems faced at certain adverse situations (Pucciuo, n.d.). The role, which I aspire to have, is of a top managerial position of an organization. In this regard, I must possess certain roles about resolving several issues within the organization. Hence, from the organizational perspective, it is quite essential to have all the desired qualities in the creative thinking profile. Being the â€Å"Integrator†, it is desirable for the organization to have me as the top managerial position, based on which several issues can be resolved in an efficient manner. Moreover, at certain times, I also lack in clarifying any sort of problem. Thus, the job role, which best suits me besides the top managerial position, is the idea along with solution provider (Pucciuo, n.d.). It is worth mentioning that as a manger of an organization, it is quite important to learn, respect and collaborate with other individuals for attaining predetermined business or operational targets. This can be made possible by encouraging the colleagues and the subordinates along with others to have and share a common goal. As per my understanding, arranging team meetings and other events would certainly lead towards forming greater collaboration with the members. In addition, forming greater communication with the colleagues and the others would also lead towards strong collaboration (Meador, 1997; Pucciuo, n.d.). It has been evident that each and every organization possesses diverse nature of people working in a collaborative manner towards the attainment of desired

Conflict In The Workplace Nursing Essay

Conflict In The Workplace Nursing Essay The demand for full time nurses is continuing to boom in the global market. However, the unfortunate shortage of nurses in the global scenario is undeniable (Hunt, 2009). The rate at which nurses are graduating from universities today does not sufficiently quench the ever growing demand for nursing professionals. The issue of providing an active replacement for the nurses who have left their respective organization continues to be a source of main concern for health care institutions. The rising rates of seasoned nurses have resulted in replacing the more experienced and skilled professionals by infusing fresh graduates who lack the required skill and experience needed to effectively adapt to a clinical environment. This is coupled by the booming level of workload witnessed by these graduates who many are unable to cope with. Adding fuel to fire the initial work experience is discouraging for many graduates who hence are exhausted .This results in numerous fresh graduates completely burning out in just 18 months of their introduction to professional medical environment (World Health Organization, 2006). This exposure of the nursing graduates to the professional environment is not alienated from the concepts of socialization and professionalization. However the issues differ in this context on the pretext of the resulting personal, emotive and intellectual ride that he/she may have to witness due to role changes .These are aroused by the experiences and expectations associated with this change. Hence conflict in the workplace for new nursing graduates is the topic which will be dealt during the course of this essay. Transitions are described as a movement from one state to another. The initial 12 months of transition to a clinical environment leads to a number of conflicts. This initial experience of fresh graduates mostly is with relevance to the setting of that particular health organization. The performance of these graduates in these clinical settings is suggestive of how these institutions act as breeding grounds for these nurses by providing them with the needed educational preparation (Clark, 2009). Within this clinical setting new graduates are exposed to many formal protocols, norms, regulations, rules and expectations. In this environment of array and despair the support provided to theses nurses by the organizational inhabitants is also insufficient. The beginning year for these graduates is hence regarded by many as an obstacle year since it results to the arousal of many conflicts within the organizations. The pressure to abide by contemporary practiced is outlined by stringent ward routines which nurses may regard as ineffective but are even then forced to follow by senior nurses. Hence a resultant conflict with senior nurses may arise. Patients may too have expectations regarding how they want to be dealt with and hence taken care off. This leads to a significant in congruency in perceptions pertinent to patient-care issue and results in conflicts with patients their families and visitors (Joint Commission on Accredition of Healthcare Organizations, 2010). It also takes time and skill to attain respect and work as a team with fellow physicians. This may surface conflicts with physicians. These conflicts hamper patient care. Conflict with Senior Nurses A good senior nurse would be an individual who can efficiently run in a health institution and can organize communicate and understand the fresh nurse graduates who are relatively new and in experienced. If a senior nurse involves their subordinates in the decision making process, shows appreciation for hard work and responds by giving their juniors more power and responsibility, things may go well. However, a difficult relationship with a senior nurse is a common cause of an in favorable position adopted by senior nurses (Brown, 1992). There are hence in broad terms two main sources of conflict between the senior and fresh lotà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ when peoples perceptions, power or actions relating directly to the job are challenged; or when two people just dont fond of each other. The latter often called a personality clash is very common in health institutions. It can be arduous however to distinguish between the two sources of conflict (Clark, 2009). Hunt (2009) says that for many years the professional practices of nurses have been restricted by inflexible bureaucratic practices with solid structures and organizational designs. Today structures of many organizations continue to change and hence adopt a mode that is more flexible in its approach and less rigid. These structures are not only less bureaucratic but also increase a nurseà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s role in decision making process. However many organizations still continue following traditional and inflexible structures which leave little or no room for new graduate nurses to exercise their respective decision making abilities .This not only makes the new graduate less autonomous but also undermines their creative potential. They hence have to reach out to their senior nurses for most issues. This not only inhibits their learning potential but also leads to numerous conflicts regarding difference in perception regarding how an issues needs to addressed and hence sorted out. The senior nurses may enrich the fresh graduates or may diminish it. Many senior nurses may even be insecure about their positions and hence in order to protect their own position may look to misguide the new graduates. They may even constantly pester them and look to undermine their services and ideas. This may lead them to constantly ignite disagreements with fresh agreements and stem feelings of resentment. Bullying and an over aggressive attitude can make the situation potentially worse. Further fresh graduates may too in their attempt to improve their own position and prove themselves disrespect their seniors. Over confidence may make them undermine the authority of seniors by going about their own respective way of doing and running things. Neeraja (2003) further adds that fresh graduates may also be unaware of how to work as a team. This may lead to further enmity of senior nurses towards them. They do not realize that their seniors may be a source of learning for them if considered so. Conflict also may simply arouse due to the senior and junior just not liking each other. Such personal disliking can hence hinder performance and job and arouse major conflicts. Conflicts with Patients The work place setting of a health institution is never void of conflict. A patient interaction with a nurse is often not in the best of circumstances. It often happens when a patient is sick and hence emotionally distressed. In such a time a fresh graduate nurse may seem the easiest and the most convenient way to vent out (Andersen, Fagerhaug, Beltz, 2010). In addition a patient nurse interaction is never black and white. Each patient has their own behavior and distinct habits .It hence may be difficult for a fresh graduate to properly reach out the patient in this time of stress and ordeal which may bring out arguments and release of pent up stress. Care of a patient demands customer service. This can be made difficult by the lack of control and alternative options experienced by patients and their families. They may be customers but they are not so by their will or their own choice. Even the calmest people can become aggressive and angry in sickness and injury. This can trigger difficult emotions. Hence nurses are handling people with extremely tense emotion and anger (Andersen, Fagerhaug, Beltz, 2010). Since the nurses are fresh they may not be skilled enough to handle such difficult people. They themselves may not be emotionally strong enough to with stand the pressure. To make matters worse nurses often look to work with families and friends who are disturbed seeing their loved ones in trouble. They themselves may have questions along with the patient with which may need to be handled with proper tact. They also may require the nurse to provide them with reassurances. If not handled in a proper manner, the nurses may find t hemselves on the brink of a major conflict (World Health Organization, 2006). Collectively, the hospital workplace of the nurse is a breeding ground for intense emotion and distress. Patients and their families is each coping with ambiguity and the potential or real effects of life-altering medical conditions. They become frustrated. They are confused. They are upset. The fresh nurses may not have the tact to decide the way information is to be conveyed to the patient and their families. With a press of a button a nurse is available. They are hence assumed to be like robots and key to all their questions. They are seen as a source of comfort and information. If they fall short of this a patient may not care how new or in experienced the nurses are and hence they may be targeted. The possible conflict scenarios involving patients and/or their families are too numerous to imagine. And hence are to some extent unavoidable. Conflict between Physician and Nurse Reports of physician nurse conflict are widespread. Power imbalance between physician and nurse, differing goals of practicing medicine and gender conflict between physicians (mostly males) and nurse (mostly females) may stem conflicts between the two parties (Kathleen McGhee, 2008). Power imbalance between physician and nurse In most societies physicians are often associated with respect and an elevated financial standing. Medical schools are virtually one of the most difficult schools to get in to and their studies too are equally exhausting requiring the brightest minds. Nurses though are not looked down upon but are obviously not given the importance and standing given to that of a physician. They are relatively paid less too. Their authority and power is hence also typically lesser than that of a proper physician. Officially the physicians are not the bosses of nurses. However because of more expertise and knowledge physicians do wind up telling the nurses what to do and what not to do. Nurses are somewhat hence seen subservient to physicians (Coombs, 2004). New graduates may not adapt to this relationship equation and may consider it as an ego blow. The nurse may feel that she/he deserves more responsibility and credit than that is given to them and hence may make them frustrated and agitated towards the physician forcing them to react in a way that may not be accepted by the physician. This hence may fuel a conflict. Differing goals of practicing medicine One core difference between the responsibilities of the physician and nurse is that a physician focuses on diagnosing and treating the disease of a patient while a nurse is focused on taking care of the patient. This may be a source of conflict between the two parties. The nurse may work more towards taking care of the patient rather than working to diagnose the disease and treat it. Hence this may upset the physicians who may undermine the nurse further and regard him/her as an obstacle in their own practice (Kathleen McGhee, 2008). Gender Conflict Though today there are many male nurses. Yet the profession is still dominated by females. Physicians on the other hand are predominantly males. Hence the conflict may result due to the prevailing conflict of the two genders in the society. Theory hence suggests that the physician may look down upon nurses solely because in some societies women are not given the standing men are. Hence fresh graduates may feel less empowered which may force them to suppress their questions and ultimately perform poorly (Kathleen McGhee, 2008). Resolving conflict As seen above the conflicts in work place may hamper patient care. Hence it is paramount for us to find effective solutions to these conflicts. One common recommendation is to improve communication between newly graduated nurses and senior nurses. Same should also be applied for the interaction between physicians and nurses and also that of patient and nurses (Huston Marquis, 2008). Inefficient communication can produce unmet expectations and lead to pent up anger and misunderstandings. This can stain relationships. But while better communication would help, it solely cannot assist filling in the power gap between a new nurse and a senior one. Same is true between the equation shared by a physician and fresh nurse graduate. Hence elevation of the status of fresh nurse graduates may help stop the power struggles. Also this will force patients to not to take the nurses for granted and to treat them with respect and gratitude rather than punching bags. Optimal method of conflict resolution provides another important solution. This fosters collaboration, harmony and cooperation which may appease the tensions that a new nurse may face with the physicians and senior nurses (Ellis Hartley, 2003). 5 steps to ensure effective conflict resolution Open. The staff should ensure that the discussion has a fruitful function and a clear goal that is understood by everyone including nurses. Clarify. This fact finding step will help one indulge deeply in all the aspects of the issue. Develop. At this point it is discussed how to effectively resolve the conflict and inhibit it from reoccurring. Agree. This will enable everyone to agree on a particular action. Close. Outline the plan for resolving the conflict and see to it that everyone including the nurses are in agreement to it. However the physicians may not be keen to take part in this medium of resolution since they may be very happy with their own status. The question hence to be addressed is that how can freshly graduate nurses be given power when their seniors and physicians are not willing to relinquish it? The solution could perhaps lie in how the hospital head deals with these new nurses. He can act as a role model for others to follow and look up to. He should convey to all the disciplines and contributions that the nurses may make. They should also develop an organizational vision of how patients and staff members should interact with the new nurses. The vision should produce the equations expected to be shared by all with these parties with nurses. These should then be translated into a set of standards, norms and rules. Inappropriate behavior will not change unless it results in consequences for the perpetrator. Hence punishments should be outlined for those not abiding by with the rules (Coombs, 2004). The physician and nursing heads need the support of hospital management in this endeavor. Hence the management should be keen to take active part in the endeavor. It should however be understood that it should not solely be the staffà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s and patients responsibility to make required changes but also the responsibility of the fresh nurses. They should be more aware of their responsibilities and incorporate with in them more patience. Preferably orientations should be given to these nurses for a couple weeks to help them assimilate with the environment (Joint Commission on Accredition of Healthcare Organizations, 2010). Also they should be encouraged with the help of compensations and bonuses. They should be encouraged to asked questions and have diversity in their tasks to break their monotonous routine. Conclusion An important point to note is that conflict of any genre is not conducive for a work place setting. It affects ones performance by aggravating the mental and emotional state of the person at hand. A nurse has a very important role in a health institution. The nurse helps take care of the patient. A nurse who has just joined the hospital environment may not be that confident and hence may be more prone to pressure. This is likely to impact the optimal functioning of the team since the attention may be diverted from the most important matter at hand-customer care .Poor patient care and low quality health care may be a result of the conflicts. Hence without doubt the issue of the work place conflicts of the fresh nurses needs to be addressed by individual clinicians and the overall health care staff. Even though the administrators and managers may initially opt to avoid dealing with issue and try to sweep it under the rug, it is important for them to be cognizant of the sensitivity of the situation and hence take appropriate measures to suppress these conflicts by promoting a healthy organizational culture

Development of pre-dried and blended lime mortars for the ready-mix market

Mortar is a mixture of sand, a binder such as cement, and water. This mixture is used in masonry construction to fill the gaps between the bricks and blocks used in construction. It is applied as a paste during construction, and then later sets hard, holding the blocks, or bricks together firmly. It can also be used to fix parts of a construction where its original mortar may have been washed away. Currently, mortar can be either mixed on site, or factory-produced ready-to-use mortar can be bought. (Allen, 2003)Ready-to-use mortars are replacing on-site mixed mortars, due to their advantages over on-site mixed mortar. They are made in factories under tightly-controlled conditions and delivered to site, ready to use. They have guaranteed mix proportions and overcome any potential problems relating to site mixing. They contain accurate cement ratio in the mixture. This is because the cement content is controlled in the production factory, where accurate measuring techniques are put int o use.The factory-made mortars also offer the advantage of consistence in quality, since the mixing procedures and contents are constant in the factories. This also results to consistence in strength and color. Since all the mixing is done in the factory, using these mortars reduces mixing and labor costs, and also reduces wastage of materials that is experienced during mixing of mortar on site. Health and safety on site is improved, as worker’s direct contact with the mortar is reduced.Wet ready-to-use mortars are stored in tubs on site and require no further mixing. They have a retarding agent, which makes them fully usable for a certain period of time, normally around 36 hours.Dry ready-to-use mortars are stored in silos or bags. Silos are delivered to site complete with integral mixers and requiring only power and water supplies to be connected.The factory-produced silo mortars offer a range of mix proportions and overcome many potential  problems experienced in on site mixing. The silo is delivered to site, complete with integral mixer. Once power and water supplies are connected, mortar can be produced as required. The rate at which water is added can be controlled to achieve the required consistency. The silos can either be single-compartment or two-compartment.(http://www.mortar.org.uk/)Since the factory produced silo mortars are of guaranteed composition, and are thoroughly mixed, they will therefore provide satisfactory durability. However, the designer still has theresponsibility to specify the correct mortar designation for the type of structure, exposureconditions and type of masonry units. In hot conditions some stiffening may occur which may be corrected by the addition of a small amount of water followed by trowel mixing on the spot board in the traditional manner. Once the initial set has started the mortar must not be reconstituted in a mechanical mixer or by any other method.The setting of cement is affected by weather and will proc eed more slowly when it is colder.This factor is taken into account when the mortars are manufactured but subsequentsignificant reductions in temperature may increase the retardation period and extend theworking life and will have no adverse effect on the masonry. It is inadvisable to proceed with the construction of masonry whilst the temperature is below 3 ºC and falling. If the mortar freezes any frozen material or crust should be discarded.Currently Used BindersPortland cement mortar is made by mixing Portland cement, which in this case is the binder, with sand and water. This type of mortar was invented in the mid-nineteenth century, as part of scientific efforts to develop stronger mortars than those that existed at the time. It was popularized during the late nineteenth century.   One of its main advantages is that it sets hard and quickly, increasing the speed of construction.However, it is not advisable for it to be used for the repair of older buildings constructed in lime mortar, because this type of binder lacks the flexibility, softness and breathability of lime that is required for such functions for proper function. Sulfate-resisting Portland cement may be used to replace ordinary Portland cement in cement:sand, cement:lime:sand and cement:sand with plasticizer mortars to reduce sulfate attack, in cases where wet conditions might be prolonged in the presence of soluble sulfates either in the ground or in clay bricks.Polymers are other types of binders, which are used in conjunction with cement hydrate binders of conventional cement mortar. The polymeric binders include latexes or emulsions, redispersible polymer powders, water-soluble polymers, liquid resins and monomers. The mortar made using this combination of binders has low permeability, and it reduces cases of drying shrinkage cracking, and its mainly designed for purposes of repairing concrete structures. An example of polymeric binders is MagneLine (Allen, 2003).Masonry cement itself is a pre-mixed, complete binder. Normally masonry cement contains roughly  ¾ of ordinary Portland cement,  ¼ of an inert fine mineral filler, and then a powdered air-entraining component is added. Because of this make-up of the material and the air-entrainment, masonry cement mortars are made up with proportions differing from the other mortar types.Polymer cement mortars (PCM) are the materials which are made by partially replacing the cement hydrate binders of conventional cement mortar with polymers. The polymeric admixtures include latexes or emulsions, redispersible polymer powders, water-soluble polymers, liquid resins and monomers. It has low permeability, and it reduces the incidence of drying shrinkage cracking, mainly designed for repairing concrete structures. Example: MagneLineAnother binder is pozzolana. Pozzolana is a fine, sandy volcanic ash, originally discovered and dug in Italy, but later at a number of other sites.   It is found in various colours: black, w hite, grey and red. When finely ground and mixed with lime, it acts as Portland cement and makes a strong mortar. The mortar made using this composition has the advantage that will also set under water.Non-hydraulic or semi-hydraulic limes are other types of binders. These, however, have insufficient setting and hardening strength, hence they are not considered as suitable total binders, but may be added as a binder constituent to produce a cement: lime: sand mortar.Using LimeLime mortar is created by mixing sand, slaked lime (the binder) and water. In making lime mortar, Limestone is burnt in a kiln to form quicklime, which is then slaked (mixed with water) to form slaked lime, either in the form of lime putty or of hydrated lime powder. Sand and water are then added to form the mortar. This kind of lime mortar, known as non-hydraulic, sets very slowly through the process of reaction with the carbon dioxide in the air (Boynton,1980).The speed of set can be increased by using impure limestones in the kiln, to form a hydraulic lime that will set on contact with water. Another alternative is the use of   a pozzolanic material, such as calcined clay or brick dust, which is added to the mortar. This will have the same effect of making the mortar set reasonably quickly by reaction with the water in the mortar.Lime mortar is considered breathable, because it will allow moisture to freely move through it, and then evaporate from its surface. It remains slightly flexible, even when it is set, and it will let walls move without cracking too much. Lime mortars also repair fine cracks themselves as rainwater slowly deposits fresh calcium carbonate taken into solution from the surrounding lime mortar, hence the fine cracks end up repairing themselves.Lime mortar is not mixed in the same way as cement mortars, which are simply turned over and over,with occasional chopping. In order to make a strong lime mortar, it is essential to coat each particle of aggregate with lime paste, hence the   pile of mortar, after initially mixing in the aggregates with a shovel, must be beaten with pick axe handles in addition to chopping and turning. The longer mixing and beating can be prolonged the better and more efficient the mortar will be. It is also of importance that only the smallest amount of extra water is added during the mixing stage. One must not pour lots of water in an attempt to make mixing easier. Adding the extra water will severely weaken the mix, causing a lot of shrinkage and cracking during drying.Its also of utmost importance that the required ratio of aggregate to binder be maintained. After the mixing process, the mortar should be stored for as long as possible before putting it into use. The purpose of this is to enable the lime to completely coat every particle of aggregate, forming an efficient and well bound mortar. On the contrary, if this does not take place the lime mortar will not completely bond with the aggregate. (Boynton,1980) .During this storage period, the lime particles become smaller as they mature and develop closer contact with the aggregate.The basic manufacturing process of non hydraulic lime for constructional purposes involves the following; quarrying calcium carbonate (CaCO3), commonly in the form of limestone, chalk or shell. This is then heated in a kiln at around 700-900 °C, at which temperature, carbon dioxide is pressurized and disassociates itself from the raw material, forming calcium oxide (CaO), or quicklime.When the calcium oxide (quicklime) is combined with water (referred to as the slaking process), it reacts violently, breaking down to form calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) (slaked lime). At this stage two forms of material are achievable, a hydrated lime (a dry powder slaked with a minimum of water) or a lime putty (a wet material slaked with an excess of water). To make a basic mortar, the calcium hydroxide is then mixed with sand (and water if made from a dry hydrated lime). The fi nal stage in this process is the setting of the lime in which the carbon dioxide is reabsorbed back into the calcium hydroxide to form calcium carbonate, generally in the form of calcite. This process is known as carbonation.When we use a fresh lime mortar for mass masonry construction the amount of calcite present depends upon the degree to which the carbonation of calcium hydroxide has occurred. In walls that are relatively thick the ability of CO2 to diffuse through the fabric is often reduced. In addition an increase in the hydraulicity in the hydraulic lime can also inhibit the diffusion of CO2 into the wall core due to higher quantities of relatively dense calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) and calcium aluminate hydrates (C-A-H). It is clear that in this situation we would have both lime in the form of calcium hydroxide and calcite forming the mass of the mortar with the calcium hydroxide being noted in regions in which CO2 cannot effectively penetrate.Generally speaking calciu m hydroxide is considered to be free lime, which Allen (2003) define as:Lime in a mortar or hydraulic lime which remains as calcium hydroxide and has not yet converted or combined with a pozzolan or other minerals or compounds. It is more soluble than calcium carbonate and can be transported within the pore solution and is available for deposition to heal fine cracks – autogenous healing. Not to be confused with free present as calcium oxide in Portland cement, which is much lower quantity and is a measure of efficiency of burning, i.e. low free lime equals well burnt Portland cement.It is clear that calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)/free lime is highly soluble when compared with other components within the mortar. It is however, important to emphasize that calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is also soluble in water, although 100 times less soluble than calcium hydroxide. Although the solubility of CaCO3 is low it does contribute to the overall quantity of lime that can enter into solution and cannot therefore be discounted from this study.The ability of both calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) to dissolve is a function of the water temperature and both decrease with an increase in temperature.Boynton (1980) further emphasises that â€Å"solubility decreases steadily as temperature is raised above 0 °C†. It is clear that the conversion of calcium hydroxide into calcite is extremely important in preventing dissolution and potential migration especially in saturated masonry conditions.It is the author's view that both calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate components of the mortar can be viewed as high and low solubility, with low being associated with calcite (CaCO3) and other polymorphs, such as aragonite and vaterite, and high with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2). However, it must be emphasised that different solubility levels may also be associated with different polymorphs of CaCO3 i.e. calcite and aragonite, and may be explained by the different relative surface areas of the crystallites.In addition, the solubility of both CaCO3 and Ca(OH)2 can be seen as a function of not only the temperature of the water but also the concentration of CO2 dissolved into the water and the presence of other solutes such as calcium chloride.The relationship between temperature and solubility illustrates that those buildings exposed to high levels of cold rainfall may be more vulnerable than their counterparts in warmer climates.Why Select lime?The use of lime as the binder has a number of advantages over Portland cement. Mortars and plasters made with no lime and a low percentage of Portland cement will end up having low workability (the correct combination of flow, water retention and cohesiveness), they will also be porous and will not be so durable. If an attempt is made to overcome this by increasing cement, other problems such as harshness, brittleness and shrinkage will in turn tend to occur.Lime is a much better binder than c ement in plasterwork. Although its setting will be slow, the result will look better and the softer surface will be less prone to cracking. Lime mortars have a high degree of workability which is highly desirable in mortars and plasters. Due to the slow setting property of lime mortars, they allow mixing in large quantities without fear of going off before use.In harsh climatic conditions, lime mortars and plasters may not be very durable but this can easily be overcome by the use of hydraulic limes or the addition of a small percentage of Portland cement into the mix. Siliceous materials, known as pozzolanas (eg volcanic ash and rice husk ash), can also be mixed with lime to improve its strength and durability.Architects are increasingly becoming aware of the problems of Portland cement mortars and many now specify blended lime-Portland cement mortars. Recently, lime has played a leading role, worldwide, in the conservation of old buildings, most of which were built in the ‘p re-Portland cement' era. It is well recognized that successful preservation of ancient monuments, such as churches, castles and other historic sites, necessitates the application of the same binding systems as were used originally. Attempts in the past at patching up these buildings with ordinary Portland cement-based mixes have invariably led to even greater problems of decay occurring at a later stage. (http://environment.uwe.ac.uk/video/cd_new_demo/conweb/walls/mortars, retrieved 29th sept 2008)ReferencesAllen, G. (2003), Hydraulic Lime Mortar for Stone, Brick and Block Masonry, Donhead, Shaftesbury,Boynton, R.S. (1980), Chemistry and Technology of Lime and Limestone, 2nd ed., John Wiley & Son, New York, NY, .Beckman, P. (1995), Structural Aspects of Building Conservation, McGraw-Hill, New York, NYhttp://www.mortar.org.uk/ , retrieved 29th sep. 2008http://environment.uwe.ac.uk/video/cd_new_demo/conweb/walls/mortars, retrieved 29th sept 2008

Are There Advantages to Home Schooling? Essay

â€Å"Many people turn their nose up at me and make a face of disproval when I tell them I home school my children. It really doesn’t bother me though. I feel there are a great number of advantages to home schooling my children.†Ã¢â‚¬â€œMargaret Schiner. Many parents have often pondered on which type of educational setting would be better for their children. The most common way for children to receive their basic K-12 education is by attending a public school. However, there is one very different option, home schooling. The advantages of home schooling are starting to be realized by more and more parents each year, evident by the growing number of children being home schooled. So, are there advantages to home schooling? With today’s society, this seems to be growing truer all the time. Of course, there are disadvantages to just about anything; home schooling is no different. Although, there seems to be many more advantages to teaching children from home, versus s ending them to a public school. The home schooling process seems to be much more efficient than that of public schools. Lawrence Hardy of American School Board Journal asked Yvonne Bunn, a home schooling mom, to comment on her thoughts of how home schooling matched up with that of a public school, academically. Ms. Bunn replied saying, â€Å"Academically, home schooling is like a tutorial, a one-on-one relationship. That is every teacher’s dream† (18). She went on to comment about how she thinks home schooling is â€Å"the quickest, most comprehensive way of covering a subject† (18). Home schooling seems to be the best way to speed up the learning  process because of the lack of other students. Ms. Bunn told of how one of her daughters was able to complete the entire kindergarten curriculum before Christmas, and this was in just two  hours of â€Å"school† a day. She described how this is possible by saying, â€Å"We accomplish the curriculum in two hours a day because we’re not lining up,  we’re not dealing with troublemakers in the classroom† (18). Many people feel as if the sheltered environment of learning in the home will often hurt a child when he or she decides to leave home to pursue a college education. However, this might not necessarily be true. Margaret Schiner has recently sent her home schooled son off to college, and he is now doing very well in the college setting. She said she believed that â€Å"he is at an advantage because he has learned to study independently and not rely on others so much, which is similar to how you learn in college.† Lawrence Hardy also discusses this issue. He indicates that they (home schooled children) â€Å"are naturals for post-secondary work because of their experience with the kind of independent study that college requires† (19). There is another advantage to home schooling; although, this is an advantage that is often debated for moral reasons. Since most parents who home school don’t keep their student’s grades, when asked by a college to assign a grade for such things as dual-enrollment college classes, the parents often assign the highest grade possible. Rebecca Talluto, dean of educational services at Brevard Community College discusses this topic. She tells how when a home schooled student wants to be part of dual-enrolled college classes, he or she do not go to a principal or guidance counselor to get the proper documents signed. â€Å"Instead they must submit a notarized affidavit that says they are at least sophomores. Their parent, in lieu of a high school guidance counselor and principal, sign a form from us stating that the student meets minimum  GPA requirements. And this is where the problem shows up: when we explain this form to the parents, they usually reply that they do not keep grades. Then they go ahead and sign the form, assigning their child a 4.0 GPA† (20). Unfair? Yes, but it’s definitely an advantage for home schooled students. Just about every critic of the home schooling process will use the â€Å"loss of socialization† point when debating why home schooling is a bad choice.  Yvonne Bunn was asked about whether she was worried about socialization. Ms. Bunn had a very interesting reply, almost flip-flopping the question. She stated, â€Å"We had better be concerned with socialization, because socialization is one of the best reasons to home school. Just look at society today† (18). She went on to say that â€Å"home schooled children have lots of opportunities for socialization–from church groups, scouting, 4-H, and community organizations, to name few† (18). Ms. Bunn feels like her children don’t necessarily need school in order to gain the basic, essential socialization skills needed for life. However, Bob Chase, President of the National Education Association, feels differently. He feels as if the socialization skills picked up from interaction with children of your own age while in public schooling is essential. He says, â€Å"Public education represents a slice of reality that goes beyond participation in 4-H activities, ballet classes, and church socials† (qtd. in Hardy 15). Many parents feel as if they should be more concerned about what kind of socialization their child is receiving, rather than how much. By knowing just what activities a child is involved in, for instance a church youth group, there is a better understanding of just who they are interacting with, as well as a little more control over whom they socialize with. In a public school setting there just isn’t this type of knowledge or control. Ms. Bunn agrees with  this type of philosophy stating, â€Å"Parents should be concerned about the quality of social contracts, rather than quantity † (qtd. in Hardy 18). Before really looking into the issue, most people turn their nose up at the idea of home schooling their children because of the negative remarks often made about this alternative to public schools and the common myths that have developed over time such as: the loss of socialization and poor success in post-secondary schooling. However, if one takes the time to really sit and evaluate which choice would be better for their children, receiving an education in a public school or at home, home schooling has a lot of strong advantages that cannot be ignored. A very small percentage of people who  home school their children give the practice up, and either start their children in a public school for the first time or send them back to the public schooling system. The education that home schooled children are receiving today is often better than that of a public education, and is now starting to show up in society more and more. Richard Hardy discusses this by saying, â€Å"It’s hard to argue with the advantages of one-on-one instruction, of extensive parent involvement, and of a curriculum tailored to every child’s needs. Home schooled children are winning spelling and geography bees and going on to top-notch colleges† (19). It’s obvious there are definite advantages to home schooling, just ask an experienced home school mom like Margaret Schiner. Works Cited Hardy, Lawrence. â€Å"Learning Without School.† American School Board Journal 188 (Aug. 2001): 14-19. Schiner, Margaret. Personal interview. 4 April 2004. Talluto, R. â€Å"Accountability for Home Schoolers.† American School Board Journal 188 (Aug. 001): 20-21.

New Belgium Brewing Company †Marketing Strategy Resesarch Outline (300 Level Course)

New Belgium Brewing Company – Marketing Strategy Resesarch Outline (300 Level Course) Free Online Research Papers New Belgium Brewing Company Marketing Strategy Resesarch Outline (300 Level Course) Problem Statement o The lack of constant marketing that reinforces the award winning taste of the New Belgium Brewing Company. Key drivers of change in the industry o Customer loyalty. o The strength of batches of beer made. o The ability to maintain inventory such as the special yeast and barley. Competition Strength Assessment o Competes in the Craft/Micro brew segment of the beer industry regionally and nationally. Major competition is Guinness, O’Dells, Pete’Wicked Ale, Pyaramid Pale ALy, Flying Dog Ales, and Sierra Nevada. o Their major competition is the national market. Their lack of national presence is a weakness. Key Factors for Competitive Success in the Industry o Awards from Business Ethics magazine and Better Business Bureau’s Torch Award for their socially responsible business. o Commitment to the environment, society and personal relationship with consumers. o Consumers believe in and feel good about this product. o Loyal beer drinking consumers. o Their core values and beliefs are to be environmentally concerned and socially responsible brewers. o The employee loyalty programs are unmatched by any other craft/micro-breweries. o Their commitment to the environment and social concerns. o The pricing of a 6-pack of beer is competitive. Recommended Strategy and Justification o New Belgium Brewing Company does a great job on running an environmental, ethical and socially responsible business. However the lack of an active marketing campaign could lead the micro brewery out of the consumers mind. They do have a lot of positive public relations with their socially responsible events in the community and employee relationships. The brewery needs to do some print ads in socially responsible magazines that their customers read. SWOT o Strengths ? Stable sales force ? Well treated employees who enjoy their job. ? Comprehensive product lines of different beers. ? Technical expertise with different beers has been very successful in customer response. ? Strong brand name among consumers. ? Privately owned company that has abundant financial resources. ? Well known brand name in the micro-brewery category. ? Respected company with a strong brand name that means environmentally, socially and ethically responsible. ? Employees are committed to their job because of the treatment they receive. o Weaknesses ? Management does not use traditional marketing to push the beer. ? Deals only with small accounts and misses the larger stores to carry their product. ? Vulnerable to technological changes. ? Rapid growth leads to many social programs and not a focus on the business of making beer. ? Limited distribution of products in national markets. ? Higher costs than direct competitors. ? Does not have a wide variety with many price points on beer lines o Opportunities ? Rapid market growth in untapped markets. ? Rival firms are complacent and not attacking new markets. ? Opening of foreign markets (new) ? New technology for the brewing of beer to be more environmentally friendly. ? Sales decline for competitors and New Belgium Brewing Beer becomes the substitute for their competition’s products. o Threats ? Entry of new micro brewery in their markets. ? If they ignore marketing and reach the decline stage of the product life cycle. ? Changes in federal and state policies on the environmental and social responsibilities of a beer company. ? Demographic shifts in their loyal customer following. ? New CEO does not have the same values the company does. Research Papers on New Belgium Brewing Company - Marketing Strategy Resesarch Outline (300 Level Course)Analysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductDefinition of Export QuotasMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesTwilight of the UAWOpen Architechture a white paperBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfPETSTEL analysis of IndiaRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 Europe

Cross culture awareness for managers The WritePass Journal

Cross culture awareness for managers Introduction Cross culture awareness for managers IntroductionPower distance:Individualism:Masculinity:Uncertainty avoidance:Long Term Orientation:Universalism vs. Particularism:Individualism vs. Communitarianism:Neutral vs. Emotional:Specific vs. Diffuse:Achievement vs. Ascription:The Environment:References:Related Introduction â€Å"A Fish only discovers its need for water when it is no longer in it. Our own culture is like water to a fish. It sustains us. We live and breathe through it. What one may regard as essential, a certain level of material wealth for example, may not be so vital to other cultures.† (Trompenaars et al, 1999, p.20) To put it in simple term, culture is inclusive of the information, principles and awareness of the society. Demonstrate the different method of people who lives in various environments. With a wide range of approach in which cultural ideas are carried out. According to Ziauddin Sardar their features are as follows: Their aim is to carry out subjective study of cultural practices and how they are associated to control. It includes culture as both the object of study and the locations of political criticism and action. They are devoted to an ethical valuation of society and to political action (Olivier Serrat,   2008). â€Å"A value is a conception, explicit or implicit, distinctive of an individual or characteristic of a group, of the desirable which influences the selection from available modes, means and ends of actions.† Values are feelings with arrows to them,i.e. it has a plus and minus pole. Hofstede, G (2003) A culture is adjusted in the direction of history and the future is the repetition of the   history. Culture primarily directed to the present does not involve past or future. individuals are directly relate it with   demands of everyday life. (Provenmodel, 2005) Past events of culture does not affect the future prospects of culture. Efficient  Ã‚   way of interacting with the people in other countries, we should look into its deep roots on different cultures as per Geert Hofstede.   Well understanding and its implication, the data will reduce concern and frustration. Apart   from the Geert Hofstede will give you ‘edge of understanding’ which convert to more flourishing results. Below mentioned are the five dimensions: (Luciara N and Richard S, 2009) Power distance: It is true to say that the less developed and low powerful associates believe that power is dispersed unequally. (Provenmodel, 2005) Individualism: The true face of nature is that the people in the society are selfish, i.e. they are concerned for themselves and the family members only. (Provenmodel, 2005) Masculinity: The leading communal values are success, money, and things. (Provenmodel, 2005) Uncertainty avoidance: Nature is place where uncertainty happens, so the individuals living in that society are feared by the unhappening scenarios and feels that it is wise to avoid such scenarios. (Provenmodel, 2005) Long Term Orientation: It represents the values like economy, determination, and conventional value of social obligations. (Provenmodel, 2005) Trompenaar and   Hampden –Turner gathered data over 10 years   using a process that   relied on generous   respondents   , predicament   or distinct tendencies. Here the problem consisted of two options which are mentioned as follow:- (Anonymous , N.D. ) Universalism vs. Particularism: Universalism is the ideas/practices which can be applied everywhere, high universalism countries and these are close adhere to business contracts while particularism are those circumstances which dictate how ideas/practices apply; high particularism countries often modify contracts. (Provenmodel, 2005) Individualism vs. Communitarianism: In Individualism, people as individuals and countries with high individualism are included, and are stress personal and individual matters which assumes great personal responsibility. On the other hand, in communitarianism public look upon selves as part of group and value group-related issues and take committee decisions for which they are joint responsibility. (Provenmodel, 2005) Neutral vs. Emotional: Neutral: culture in which emotions not shown. In high neutral countries, people maintain serenity. While in emotional, emotions are shown in open and they act as they are, i.e. they don’t behave in different way, they behave naturally. (Provenmodel, 2005) Specific vs. Diffuse: In Specific, huge public areas are used by many while small areas are looked after closely. In Diffuse, public and private areas are   similar in size wherein public areas are guarded as it is common with the private areas. (Provenmodel, 2005) Achievement vs. Ascription: In Achievement culture, it doesn’t matter who does it, what matters is how is it done (job, performance, etc.) while Ascription culture is truly based on who does it and what is done. (Provenmodel, 2005) Time:- In simple way, it means the whether the role is done one by one or all the things are done together. Sequential means that the activity is conducted in a series or pattern wherein the line of performance is pre decided. Synchronous means all things are done together, i.e. multi tasking. The last method is present v/s future. (Provenmodel, 2005) The Environment: Inner-directed people believes in control of outcomes while Outer-directed people are opposite to them.(Provenmodel, 2005) Let us see the comparison between Hofstede and Trompenaars which are out of seven dimensions of Trompenaars, two are closely reflected in Hofstede’s   dimensions. Also there is a practical similarity between their communitarians value orientation. Trompenaars and hofstede’s studies are not entirely similar, Hofstede’s power index is related to how the status is accorded and to the power distance that is acceptable with the society, while Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner has not discussed anything about power distance. Trompenaars achievement value orientation is related to Hofstede’s power distance index. Which shows that status is accorded not by achievement but by the nature, this gives greater acceptability to power distances. Trompenaars other dimensions seem to focus on the feelings, and the extent to which they are expressed. Thus it only focuses on the behavioural aspect, not on the value. Trompenaar’s universalism value orientation holds relationships above the rules, which appears to relate to hofstede’s uncertainty avoidance dimension and also to collectivist dimension to some extent. Trompenaars specific value orientation is not identical to any of the Hofstede’s dimensions. However, human time relationship and Hall’s polychromatic and monochromic time perceptions are quite similar to each other. There is also a similarity in their findings. For eg. according to them, india and japan are weak as far as individualism is concerned, on thte other hand UK, Denmark and USA are comparatively individualistic. According to Hogget’s and Luthans, the difference between the two studies is due to the difference in time frames in which they were conducted. Thus, Hofstede’s findings are becoming outdated. For eg. mexico’s step towards   being global, can be taken as a moving away from its communitarian values. According to Trompenaars findings, communist countries that is   Hungary, Russia and CrechRepublic are quite individualistic, with a communist past. According to Trompenaars, UK and the North America have egalitarian cultures, while, Spain and France are Hierarchical. As per Hofstede’s research spain and france are high when it comes to power distance as compared to UK and the North Ammerica. Trompnaars and Hofsdete hold different views about Germany. According to the former, Germany’s corporate culture is hierarchical, while the latter considers Germany as low in terms of power distance. Trompenaars research is extensive, he has examined corporate cultures in terms of nationality, for which he introduced another dimension named equality versus hierarchy. Now contrasting the two approaches   of the Geert Hofstede , dutch   expert and Fons trompenaars Charles   Hampden-Turner. The findings   and studies of Geert hofstede and Fons Trompenaars have been adopted by many businesses, for the purpose of understanding the differences in individual and organizational cultures across the globe. Other   anthropologists, sociologist have grave misgivings and are   important for analysis used by Hofstede. Hofstede’s 5 dimensions have a strange similarity to national character studies that were conducted in 1940’s and WW II on which intensive research was carried out by researchers, the research was spoilt and was not of any use because it was prone to bias and simply created sterotypes of other cultures. Hofstede and trompenaars work should not be associated with WW ii studies, except the fact that lessons learnt from the past should be remembered. In the current state of affairs, anthropologists might be uncomfortable in popping down the trap of understanding the culture to â€Å"5 dimensions of culture† which can be notched up. (Hassoun R, 2006) Similarly, Trompenaars and Turner have framed a seven dimensions model, which   can be taken as varying from the idea of reducing cultural dimensions. Culture, as defined by most anthropologists is that which is adapted and passed to next generations and the structure through which the world is viewed cannot be condensed into a set of simplistic parameters. (Hassoun R, 2006) The Anthropological have looked into the model given by Hofstede and Trompenaars and Turner. But the point to be noted here is that in the anthropological technique concentrated on an overall knowledge of cultures and the sub-cultures. The problem could occur in anthropological approach which will be like raising cultural proficiency in a small guidance wherein the psychological pattern for understanding cultural complexity matters a lot and have significant affect on it. When the guidance which is provided gets completed, it takes bit more time to know the real competency which itself is also a as a procedure. It is very realistic to know that there is desperate need to be patient with good listening skills and open mindedness to grasp the knowledge of different culture which will then guide to know cultural competency. (Hassoun R, 2006) The personal features on the behaviour was not identified by both, Hofstede and Trompenaars. The dimensions of their theories has bifurcation on cultures but what they failed to know and provide guidance was that how to work with some specific cultures. Apart from this, no declaration could be placed ahead that the seven dimensions were the only one and the list was full. Authors such as including Ohmae (Borderless World) and Levitt (Globalisation of Markets) didn’t went ahead with the thing that there is need for different companies to admit there is no similarity in cultures of countries in which they operate (which was said by Trompenaars and Hofstede), rather they said that the world is one and is not filled with different cultures and different countries. (ProvenModel 2005) It is imperative for every manager that he has an understanding of the different cultures. Managers who are more successful their values seem to favour dynamic, pragmatic and achievement – oriented, along with this they believe in interacting with others. On the other hand, managers who are less successful have passive and static values; and are relatively inactive in interacting with others. Cultural competency is focuses on promoting self – confidence of individuals and the teams, this can be achieved through empowerment and by breaking down barriers. A person with interculturally effective skills has attributes which are discussed below:He has the skill of communicating with people of different cultures in a manner that earns them trust and respect.He has the ability to adapt his managerial and technical skills in a way that fits in well with the local constraints and the local conditions.He has the ability to change personally so that he has mental peace, is content and at ease in the mass culture References: Olivier serrat (2008) Cultural theory   [Internet] Available from : adb.org/Documents/Information/Knowledge-Solutions/Culture-Theory.pdf[Accessed on 19th March 2011]. Hofstede, G. (1994) Uncommon Sense About Organisation 1st Edition USA. Hofstede, G. (1980) Culture  Ã‚   [internet] Available from: http://wallaby.vu.edu.au/adt-VVUT/uploads/approved/adt-VVUT20080910.150544/public/04chapter3.pdf [Accessed on 19th March 2011]. Proven Model (2005).   Seven dimensions of culture [Internet] Available from: provenmodels.com/580/seven-dimensions-of-culture/charles-hampden-turnerfons-trompenaars/ [ Accessed on 19th March 2011] Ananymous   , n.d. Home and Host Country determinants of International Bank Entry [internet] Available from: scribd.com/doc/43918450/Factors-Affecting-International-Bank-Entry[Accessed on 20th March 2011]. 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Luciara N and Richard S, (2009).The   cultural theory jungle:divergence and convergence   in models of national culture. 1st edition  Ã‚   Cambridge ,Uk. Hassoun R, (2006) Intercultural/Cross-Cultural Training: Rejecting Hofstede and Trompenaars [internet] available from: goldfinchtraining.biz/hofstederejected.htmls [accessed on 19th march 2011].\ Titre F (2005) Cultural dimensions and social behavior correlates:Individualism-Collectivism and Power Distance. Journal of cultural Dimensions   18(1)   . Trompenaars et al (1999) (p.20)10. Hofstede, G (2003) Available from: Cultures consequences:  comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations. SAGE. (pp. 5,6)

Jesus in the eyes of the American Jewish population in the 21st Essay

Jesus in the eyes of the American Jewish population in the 21st century - Essay Example A discussion of American Jewish attitudes towards Jesus can sensibly start with the small (but growing) sect of Judaism called Messianic Judaism which believes that Jesus was indeed the Messiah. Messianic Jews claim 47,000 followers and 280 congregations worldwide by the turn of the Twenty-First century (Kaplan, 2005). The idea that Jesus was the Messiah is seen as antithetical to the vast majority of American Jews. Kaplan succinctly states the problem that they have with the Messianic adherents: Christianity, which is perceived to be incompatible with any form of Jewishness . . . .Messianic Jewish groups are thus seen as antithetical to Judaism and are completely rejected by the majority of Jews. Thus Messianic "Jews" regard themselves as a culmination of Judaism rather than a branch of Christianity. Even their very claim to being Jewish has been rejected by nearly all Jewish denominations, organizations and the State of Israel itself. This is remarkable as Jews have been consistent throughout their history in being, as a whole, a tolerant religion used to adapting to various kinds of creed within their religion. The line that cannot be crossed, as far as most Jews are concerned, is regarding Jesus as the Messiah. It would thus seem that a majority of American Jews will not regard Jesus as the Messiah in the Twentieth Century, even though their Messianic brethren would claim this as a fact. The Central Conference of American Rabbis puts the situation in context: For us in the Jewish community, anyone who claims that Jesus is their savior is no longer a Jew and is an apostate. Through that belief she has placed herself outside the Jewish community. Whether she cares to define herself as a Christian or as a 'fulfilled Jew,' 'Messianic Jew,' or any other designation is irrelevant; to us, she is clearly a Christian. (Harris-Shapiro, 1999) Some have even related Messianic Judaism with an attempt to convert Jews, which is in reality an attempt to destroy Judaism through being a wolf in sheep's clothing. Or, to mix the metaphor, Messianic Judaism is seen as a Trojan Horse within this argument, designed to topple Judaism from within. Again, it is American Jews who seem to take this argument to its most extreme conclusions: ... Except in relations with Christians, the Christ of Christianity is not a Jewish issue. There simply can be no dialogue worthy of the name unless Christians accept - nay, treasure - the fact that Jews through the two millennia of Christianity have had an agenda of their own. There can be no Jewish-Christian dialogue worthy of the name unless one Christian activity is abandoned, missions to the Jews. It must be abandoned, moreover, not as a temporary strategy but in principle, as a bi-millennial theological mistake. The cost of that mistake in Christian love and Jewish blood one hesitates to contemplate. ... A post-Holocaust Jew can still view Christian attempts to convert Jews as sincere and well intended. But even as such they are no longer acceptable: they have become attempts to do in one way what Hitler did in another. (Fackenheim, 1987) (my emphasis) The idea that Christians trying to convert Jews to their religion, which often seems to

Write a response to the article Modern Stone Age Humans incorporating Essay - 1

Write a response to the article Modern Stone Age Humans incorporating one quotation from artcile - Essay Example Of all the different sorts of theories that I have read explaining the possible reasons or meanings of these paintings, one that I find the most interesting and believable is â€Å"boot-camp training prior to full-fledged military service and training camp prior to sports season†. I think that these paintings might be used by trained and experienced hunters to train the children and young and inexperienced hunters. Many of these paintings show the different sorts of livestock and cattle with spears. I particularly think so because there is a painting of a black deer that is being targeted and shot at by three hunters from different positions. Another significance of these paintings could be material for teaching. It is mentioned in the reading that â€Å"some of the animals in the cave murals are pregnant, and some are copulating† As some of these paintings also show the animals procreating, the paintings might be used as images for teaching how different species

Reflection Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflection - Coursework Example These skills include professionalism, networking through social media and brand development. Having a good brand will enable me to sell my personal traits, skills and expertise to potential employers. I will use these skills to develop myself through learning how to sell my personality to the employers, thus enhancing my employability. I will also learn how to conduct myself during interviews and to develop some transferable skills, which include emotional intelligence at level one, self-responsibility at level two and leadership skills at level three (Cottrell 2010). Moreover, I also need to develop my professional skills in my area of training or specialization and do proper goal setting to create a focused target of my career growth and development. Finally, I need to perfect my role-playing skills. These skills enable me to know, understand and master my position in the business dynamics. For me to get a good job, learning presentation skills is important especially during interviews, and learning how to articulate complex information relating to my

Preparing for the BMAT (biomedical admissions test) Essay Example for Free

Preparing for the BMAT (biomedical admissions test) Essay The biomedical admissions test was created to assist medical and veterinary schools in the admissions process. Some of the universities have much more applications than places and the majority of these applications are strong. The BMAT allows the universities to filter out the strongest candidates based on exam performance. The BMAT exam lasts for 2 hours and is split into 3 sections. The examination test date is 31st October 2008. This article will aim to provide you with some advice and give an overview to students who are planning on taking the BMAT exam. †¢ aptitude and skills (1 hour) †¢ scientific knowledge and application (30 minutes) †¢ writing task (30 minutes) The universities which currently require you to take the BMAT are: †¢ The university of Cambridge †¢ The university of Oxford †¢ Imperial college London †¢ The royal veterinary college †¢ University of central London Aptitude and Skills This section aims to explore your problem solving skills, your ability to understand and interpret data and your analytical skills. It is multiple choice for the most. This is the main reason as to why you should guess intelligently, take a look at the given data and take a guess. Practice is key in this section. For the problem solving element of this section look at all the given data carefully. Here are some techniques to help you. †¢ Divide and conquer technique: Break down any large chunks of data into smaller chunks, making the smaller problems which are easier to solve and then once you have solved them put the data back together and form an answer. †¢ Trial and error: Use different approaches to come to a final conclusion and answer. †¢ Working backwards: start with one of the possible answers and work backwards from it. †¢ Incubation: This is a last resort method which seldom works. Put all of the starting details relating to a problem in your mind picture them and then stop focusing on them and carry on with the examination (take an intelligent guess). Your subconscious mind may come up with an answer during the rest of the examination The understanding and interpreting subset involves using the information in front of you, do not make assumptions unless it is appropriate to the question. Analyse all data given carefully not leaving anything out. The data analysis subset involves extracting certain points out of the data and using these to make suitable conclusions, to give the answer. Depending on the starting data you are provided with this could include using statistical methods, interpreting graphs, curve fitting or even eradicating unwanted information and prioritising said data. Scientific knowledge and application This section attempts to make students utilise their scientific knowledge to help them answer questions. Again this section is multiple choice, so make informed guesses when there is a need using the data given. This section also requires practice and revision of scientific principles in order to score high marks, so we advise you do some revision covering the basics of biology, chemistry and physics. Writing task The writing task is asking you to create an essay from a given question. Here are some general pointers to help you achieve a great score. †¢ Read: Read articles, newspapers, journals and book. This will help you to gain an understanding of how to put forward logical thought and will also help improve your English writing skills †¢ Partake in group discussions/debate forums: By doing this you will develop the skills that allow you to analyse certain situations and statements, in addition to developing the ability to generate a fair argument looking at both sides of the situation and can help you produce good conclusion. †¢ Good structure: Ensure you have an introduction, Main body and conclusion. By having an assigned essay structure your ideas will flow more freely and will follow a logical order that makes it easier for the reader to understand. †¢ Snappy conclusion and introduction: the introduction and conclusion can be the sections of your essay that sell it to the reader. Because these are the first and last things they read and so will remain in their mind the longest. An extremely good conclusion will stick in the readers head and maybe it might help you to boost your mark. Conclusion One key aspect for revision regarding the UKCAT is to sit some mock BMAT examinations; this will allow you to get a feel for the allocated time slot for the exam and thus ensure that you can finish all the questions. Some final general pointers I would like to add are 1. Don’t waste too much time on one question. 2. Generate a short plan for your writing task, just pointing out what you are going to cover and in what order. 3. Make sure you get plenty of rest before the exam. 4. If you have time available at the end of the exam use it to check over your answers.